Its double-hulled interior was divided into nine compartments, housing a crew of seventy-four seamen and thirty officers. The large, torpedo-shaped vessel displaced more than four thousand tons submerged and was 107 meters long. Leonid Osipenko, using a reactor design supervised by renowned scientist Anatoly Alexandrov. The first Project 627 boat, the K-3 Leninsky Komsomol, launched in 1957 and made its first voyage under nuclear power in July 1958 under Capt. However, as these capabilities emerged in the mid-1950s, the Project 627 design, or what is known as the November-class, was revised to reflect an antiship role, with eight torpedo tubes located in the bow and combat systems taken from Foxtrot-class diesel submarines. At the time, the Soviet Union lacked the long-range missiles or bombers that could easily hit most of the continental United States. The original specifications drafted in 1952 for a Soviet nuclear submarine had conceived of employing them to launch enormous nuclear torpedoes at enemy harbors and coastal cities. The result was a boat with a few advantages compared to its American competition, but that also exhibited a disturbing tendency to catastrophic accidents that would prove characteristic of the burgeoning Soviet submarine fleet during the Cold War. The following year, the Soviet Union began building its own nuclear submarine, Project 627-known as the November class by NATO. The Nautilus’s reactor allowed it to operate underwater for months at a time, compared to the hours or days afforded conventional submarines. The United States launched the first nuclear-powered submarine, the USS Nautilus, in 1954, revolutionizing undersea warfare.
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